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Sunday, September 28, 2014

Hamburger And Rice Recipes Rice Recpes Indian In Urdu Vegetarian Veg For Dinner For Kids Easay in Urdu Pakisani In Hindi Photos.

Hamburger And Rice Recipes Biography.

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MOS Food Services, Inc. (株式会社モスフードサービス Kabushiki-kaisha Mosu Fūdo Sābisu?), doing business as MOS Burger (モスバーガー Mosu bāgā?) (Japanese, "MOS" [mosɯ̥] or "Mountain Ocean Sun"), is a fast-food restaurant chain (fast-casual) that originated in Japan.

It is now the second-largest fast-food franchise in Japan after McDonald's Japan (an independent Japanese company), and owns numerous overseas outlets over East Asia, including Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand, Indonesia, Australia, South Korea and, until 2005, Hawaii. It is also the name of the standard hamburger offered by the restaurant, being its first product when it opened in 1972.

Its headquarters are in the ThinkPark Tower in Ōsaki, Shinagawa, Tokyo.[1] At one time its headquarters were in Shinjuku, Tokyo.[3][4]

As of February 2014 the publicly traded company runs 1,730 MOS BURGER and several AEN, Chef's V and GREEN GRILL stores. One slogan used within its stores is "Japanese Fine Burger and Coffee".[1]

In April 2011, MOS Burger opened its first store at Sunnybank Plaza, in Brisbane, Queensland Australia. As of March 2013, the company had five stores in Australia.[5]

MOS Rice Burger[edit]

The MOS Rice Burger uses a bun made of rice mixed with barley and millet.

Rice was first used as a bun in 1987, when the restaurant served the Tsukune Rice Burger, filled with ground chicken and daikon, and seasoned with soy sauce. The Tsukune Rice Burger is no longer on the menu in Japan.

The MOS Rice Burgers currently include the 'kaisen kakiage rice burger' ('fresh seafood shrimp fritter rice burger'), the 'kinpira rice burger' ('fried burdock and carrot rice burger'), and the 'buta shōga yaki rice burger' ('grilled pork and ginger rice burger'). There used to be a 'yakiniku rice burger' ('grilled strips of beef rice burger') (available in Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and Brisbane Australia branches).

The MOS Rice Burger has been imitated by the Taiwanese division of McDonalds,[6] where the rice bun was pan-seared, but it remains a MOS-exclusive item in Japan and other markets.

Takumi Burger[edit]

In 2003, MOS Burger introduced an ultra-premium Takumi Burger (meaning artisan taste) series, which was expanded further in 2004.[7] The 'Nippon's Burger Takumi' hamburger was made with Tasmanian beef and ten toppings, including sliced avocado, grated wasabi, and other gourmet, seasonal ingredients. It was available for a limited time and cost 1,000 yen (9.14 euros or 11.72 USD), making it one of the most expensive burgers offered by a fast-food chain. The 'Nippon's Burger Takumi Lettuce' was added in 2004, with lettuce instead of buns to sandwich the hamburger.[8]

he word congee comes from Tamil கஞ்சி (kanji),[1][2] a prominent food of ancient Tamil people. The English form may have arrived in the language via Portuguese. In other Asian cultures, it is also called kanji (Tamil/Tulu), kaṇhji (Malayalam),[3] pakhal bhat (Oriya), ganji (Kannada/Telugu),"bor bor" ([Khmer]), juk (Hakka, Cantonese, Korean), muay (Hokkien and Teochew), zhōu (Mandarin), cháo (Vietnamese), deythuk (Tibetan), chok (Thai), kayu (Japanese), lúgaw (Tagalog), Bubur or kanji (Indonesian and Malay) or jaou (Bengali) which is derived directly from the Chinese character 粥 ( which means gruel), canja (Portuguese). It is also called xifan (稀飯) in some Chinese provinces.

Preparation[edit]

To prepare the dish, rice is boiled in a large amount of water until it softens significantly. Congee can be made in a pot or in a rice cooker. Some rice cookers have a "congee" setting, allowing it to be cooked overnight. The type of rice used can be either short or long grain, depending on what is available and regional cultural influences. Culture also often dictates the way congee is cooked and eaten.

In some cultures, congee is eaten primarily as a breakfast food or late supper; in others, it is eaten as a substitute for rice at other meals.[citation needed] It is often considered particularly suitable for the sick as a mild, easily digestible food.[4]

By country[edit]

Burma[edit]

In Burma (now called Myanmar), rice congee is called ဆန်ပြုတ် hsan byok [sʰàmbjoʊʔ], literally "boiled rice". It is very thin and plain, often made with just rice and water, but sometimes with chicken or pork stock and served with a simple garnish of chopped spring onions and crispy fried onions. As in other Asian countries, rice congee is considered food for the unwell.[citation needed]

China[edit]

Chinese congees, or jook, (Chinese: 粥; pinyin: zhōu) vary considerably by region. For example, to make Cantonese congee, white rice is boiled in many times its weight of water for a long time until the rice breaks down and becomes a fairly thick, white porridge (Pinyin: báizhōu).[5] Congees made in other regions may use different types of rice with different quantities of water, producing congees of different consistencies.

Congee is often eaten with zhacai, salted duck eggs, lettuce and dace (Cirrhinus chinensis - Chinese mud carp) paste, bamboo shoots, youtiao, rousong, pickled tofu, wheat gluten, with other condiments, meat or century eggs.

Other seasonings, such as white pepper and soy sauce, may be added. Grilled fish may be mixed in to provide a different texture.

Congee is often eaten with fried bread sticks known as youtiao. Congee with youtiao is commonly eaten as breakfast in many areas in China. Congee can be left watery, or can be drained so it has a texture similar to Western oatmeal porridge. Congee can also be made from brown rice, although this is less common and takes longer to cook.

Besides being an everyday meal, congee is considered to be food therapy for the unwell. Ingredients can be determined by their supposed therapeutic value as well as flavor.

The origin of congee is unknown, but from many historical accounts, it was usually served during times of famine, or when numerous patrons visited the temples,[citation needed] as a way to stretch the rice supply to feed more people.

In China, congee has also been used to feed young infants. However, the cooking time is much longer than for okayu and, because it is for infants, the congee is not seasoned with salt or any other flavoring. Often it is mixed with steamed and deboned fish.

Congee made from other grains, such as cornmeal, millet, barley, and sorghum, are common in the north of China[citation needed] where rice does not grow as well as other grains suited for a colder climate. Multigrain congee mixes are sold in the health food sections of Chinese supermarkets. Congee with mung beans is usually eaten with sugar, like red bean congee.

India[edit]

In Tamil Nadu, a plain rice porridge, or the thick supernatant water from overcooked rice, is known as kanji. Kanji or Congee is also prepared with different grains available in different parts of Tamil Nadu, for example minor millet or pearl millet,[6][7] finger millet,[8] broken wheat, maize.The people of Kerala also call this preparation of rice in a watery state kanji, and it is eaten as a porridge with green lentils or chutney.[citation needed] Kanji is prepared with rice or ragi. Nuts and spices are added to the kanji depending on the economic status or health requirements. Rice kanji is prepared by boiling rice in large amounts of water. To this preparation, either milk and sugar (usually jaggery) or curd (yoghurt) and salt are added. Ragi kanji is prepared by drying ragi sprouts in shade, and then grinding them into a smooth powder. This powder is added to water and cooked. Milk and brown sugar are added to this cooked preparation for taste. Ragi kanji can be given to infants after six months. Another kanji preparation uses jevvarisi (sago in English, sabudana in Hindi) in kanji. Sago is dry roasted and powdered with/ without sugar. Powdered sago is boiled in water until cooked. This is eaten by all ages from adults to infants as young as three months.

In the state of Kerala, during the Malayalam month of Karkkidakam, a medicinal kanji is made using Ayurvedic herbs, milk and jaggery. Karkkidakam is known as the month of diseases since the monsoon starts during Karkkidakam. Karikkidaka Kanji is eaten to promote the immune system.[9]

According to the Indian writer Madhur Jaffrey, kanji is, or is derived from, a Tamil word for "boilings", referring to the porridge and also to any water in which rice has been cooked.[citation needed]

Muslims of south India especially tamil muslim, Mappila and Beary prepare speacial kanji during month of Ramadhan which is called "nombu kanji" literally meaning fasting porridge .This is prepared by adding spices like turmeric,dry ginger,pepper,onion to the to the rice along with coconut paste and sometimes fenugreek seeds are added to it to enhance the flavour

In the Goa, Udupi and Mangalore districts, people usually eat rice ganji in a variant manner made by Kannada-speaking, Tulu-speaking or Konkani people in and around Udupi and Mangalore (Karnataka, South India). There, parboiled rice (kocheel akki in Kannada, oorpel aari for black rice, bolenta aari for white rice in Tulu or ukde tandool in Konkani) is steamed with a large amount of water. Jain ganji matt are famous in these districts. Usually, simple ganji with pickle and milk are served, in jain matts. Fresh coconut is grated, and the resulting milk skimmed and added to the ganji (called paez or pyaaz in Konkani), which is served hot with fish curry, coconut chutney, or Indian pickles. In Goa, it is normally served with dried or fresh cooked fish, papad or vegetables.[citation needed]

In the state of Andhra Pradesh, it is called ganji in Telugu and mostly eaten by the very poor.[citation needed]Ganji is made by boiling Rice is large amount of water and then the liquied is filtered known as Ganji. Ganji mixed with buttermilk brings good taste also suggested by doctors for recovering the patients health.

Pakhal bhat is an authentic and traditional Oriya dish. People in Odisha like it because of its unique taste. It is a soup-based dish like dal, but tastes a little sour. This is a very healthy dish as lots of vegetables and curd are used as main ingredients.[citation needed]

Indonesia[edit]

Bubur ayam, Indonesian chicken congee

In Indonesia, congee, called bubur, is a favourite breakfast food, and many food vendors pass through the streets at dawn, calling "bubur" to sell it to householders. A popular version is bubur ayam, which is congee with shredded chicken meat. It is also served with many condiments, such as green onion, crispy fried shallot, fried soybean, Chinese crullers (youtiao, known as cakwe in Indonesia), both salty and sweet soy sauce, and sometimes it is topped with yellow chicken broth and kerupuk (Indonesian style crackers). Unlike many other Indonesian dishes, it is not spicy; sambal or chili paste is served separately.

The food hawkers sometimes have sate to go with it, made from quail egg or chicken intestine, liver, gizzard, or heart.

On Bali's north coast, famously in the village called Bondalem, there is a local congee dish called mengguh, a popular local chicken and vegetable rice congee that is spicier than common bubur ayam and more similar to tinutuan, using a spice mix of onions, garlic, coriander seeds, pepper, and chili.[10]

In another region of Indonesia, Manado, very popular is tinutuan, or bubur Manado (Manadonese porridge), another porridge with ample vegetables. A bit different from the one sold on Java Island, it is made from rice porridge and enhanced with water spinach or kangkung, corn kernels, yam or sweet potato, dried salty fish, lemon basil or kemangi leaves, and melinjo or Gnetum gnemon leaves.

Sago flour is made into porridge in eastern Indonesian, as the staple food of Maluku and Papuan people. The sago congee is called papeda, and usually is eaten with yellow soup made from tuna or mubara fish spiced with turmeric and lime.

Japan[edit]

Nanakusa-gayu (七草粥), seven-herb porridge

Rice porridge breakfast in Kyoto

Okayu (お粥?) is the name for the type of congee eaten in Japan,[11] which is less broken down than congee produced in other cultures.[citation needed] For example, a Cantonese-style congee typically uses a water-to-rice ratio of 12:1, but okayu typically uses ratios of 5:1 (zen-gayu) or 7:1 (shichibu-gayu).[citation needed] Also, its cooking time is shorter than other types of congee: okayu is cooked for about 30 minutes, while Cantonese congees cook for an hour or more.

Okayu may be made with just rice and water, and is often seasoned with salt. Eggs could be beaten into it to thicken it into gruel. Toppings may be added to enhance flavour; negi (a type of green onion), salmon, roe, ginger, and umeboshi (pickled ume fruit) are among the most common. Miso or chicken stock may be used to flavor the broth. Most Japanese electric rice cookers have a setting for okayu.

In Japan, okayu is popularly known as a food served to the ill.[12] Because it is soft and easily digestible, okayu is commonly the first solid food served to Japanese infants; it is used to help with the transition from liquids to normally cooked "plain" rice, gohan (ご飯?), as it is a major part of the Japanese diet. It is also commonly eaten by the elderly for the same reasons.

A type of okayu called nanakusa-gayu (七草粥, "seven herb porridge") is traditionally eaten on 7 January[13] with special herbs that some believe protect against evils and invite good luck and longevity in the new year. As a simple, light dish, nanakusa-gayu serves as a break from the many heavy dishes eaten over the Japanese New Year.

Zōsui (雑炊?) is a similar dish, which uses already cooked rice, rather than cooking the rice in the soup.

Korea[edit]

A bowl of Korean take-out olgaengi (melanian snail) juk

Wild Rice Recipe Rice Recpes Indian In Urdu Vegetarian Veg For Dinner For Kids Easay in Urdu Pakisani In Hindi Photos.

Wild Rice Recipe Biography.

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Wild rice (also called Canada rice, Indian rice, and water oats) are four species of grasses forming the genus Zizania, and the grain which can be harvested from them. The grain was historically gathered and eaten in both North America and China. While it is now a delicacy in North America, the grain is eaten less in China,[2]:165 where the plant's stem is used as a vegetable.

Wild rice is not directly related to Asian rice (Oryza sativa), whose wild progenitors are O. rufipogon and O. nivara, although they are close cousins, sharing the tribe Oryzeae. Wild rice grains have a chewy outer sheath with a tender inner grain that has a slightly vegetal taste.[3]

The plants grow in shallow water in small lakes and slow-flowing streams; often, only the flowering head of wild rice rises above the water. The grain is eaten by dabbling ducks and other aquatic wildlife, as well as humans.

Three species of wild rice are native to North America:

Northern wild rice (Zizania palustris) is an annual plant native to the Great Lakes region of North America, the aquatic areas of the Boreal Forest regions of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba in Canada and Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan in the US.

Wild rice (Z. aquatica), also an annual, grows in the Saint Lawrence River and on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States.

Texas wild rice (Z. texana) is a perennial plant found only in a small area along the San Marcos River in central Texas.

One species is native to Asia:

Manchurian wild rice (Z. latifolia; incorrect synonym: Z. caduciflora), is a perennial native to China.

Texas wild rice is in danger of extinction due to loss of suitable habitat in its limited range and to pollution. The pollen of Texas wild rice can only travel about 30 inches away from a parent plant. If pollen does not land on a receptive female flower within that distance, no seeds are produced.[4] Manchurian wild rice has almost disappeared from the wild in its native range, but has been accidentally introduced into the wild in New Zealand and is considered an invasive species there.[5]

Use as food[edit]

Harvesting wild rice.

The species most commonly harvested as grain is the annual species Zizania palustris. Native Americans and others harvest wild rice by canoeing into a stand of plants, and bending the ripe grain heads with wooden sticks called knockers, so as to thresh the seeds into the canoe.

The size of the knockers, as well as other details, are prescribed in state and tribal law. By Minnesota statute, knockers must be at most 1 inch in diameter, 30 inches long, and one pound in weight.[6] The plants are not beaten with the knockers but require only a gentle brushing to dislodge the mature grain. The Ojibwa people call this plant manoomin, meaning "harvesting berry" but commonly explained to mean "good berry". Some seeds fall to the muddy bottom and germinate later in the year.

Ojibwa wild rice pouch, cedar bark, American Museum of Natural History

Several Native American cultures, such as the Ojibwa, consider wild rice to be a sacred component in their culture.[7] The rice is harvested with a canoe: one person vans (or "knocks") rice into the canoe with two small poles (called "knockers" or "flails") while the other paddles slowly or uses a push pole. For these groups, this harvest is an important cultural (and often economic) event. Named by the Ojibwe, the neighboring Omanoominii (the Menominee tribe, whose endonym is Mamaceqtaw, "the people") is named after this plant. Many places in Illinois, Indiana, Manitoba, Michigan, Minnesota, Ontario, Saskatchewan and Wisconsin are named after this plant, including Mahnomen, Minnesota, Menomonie, Wisconsin and many lakes and streams bearing the name "Rice", "Wildrice", "Wild Rice" or "Zizania".

Because of its nutritional value and taste, wild rice increased in popularity in the late 20th century, and commercial cultivation began in the US and Canada to supply the increased demand. In 1950 James and Gerald Godward started experimenting with wild rice in a one acre meadow north of Brainerd, Minnesota. They constructed dikes around the acre, dug ditches for drainage, and put in water controls. In the fall they tilled the soil, and in the spring of 1951 they acquired 50 pounds of seed from Wildlife Nurseries Inc. They scattered the seed onto the soil, disked it in, and flooded the paddy. Much to their surprise, since they were told that wild rice needs flowing water to grow well, the seeds spouted and produced a crop. James and Gerald continued to experiment with wild rice throughout the early 1950s and were the first to officially cultivate the previously wild crop.[8]

In the US, the main producers are California and Minnesota (where it is the official state grain) and it is mainly cultivated in paddy fields. In Canada, it is usually harvested from natural bodies of water; the largest producer is the province of Saskatchewan. Wild rice is also produced in Hungary and Australia. In Hungary, cultivation started in 1974 on the rice field of Szarvas.[citation needed] The Indian Rice Ltd. was founded in 1990. Now, the Hungarian wild rice growing and processing is managed only by this company. In Australia production is controlled by Ricewild Pty. Ltd. at Deniliquin in Southern New South Wales.[9]

Manchurian wild rice (Chinese: 菰; pinyin: gū), gathered from the wild, was once an important grain in ancient China.[2]:165 Because of the difficulty of its domestication, it gradually lost importance with increasing population density, as its habitat was converted for use in raising rice.[citation needed] It is now very rare in the wild, and its use as a grain has completely disappeared in China, though it continues to be cultivated for its stems.[2]:165

Wild rice, cooked

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)

Energy 423 kJ (101 kcal)

Carbohydrates

21.34 g

Sugars 0.73 g

Dietary fiber 1.8 g

Fat

0.34 g

Protein

3.99 g

Other constituents

Water 73.93 g

Units

μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams

IU = International units

Source: USDA Nutrient Database

Cooked wild rice.

Nutrition and safety[edit]

Typically sold as a dried whole grain, wild rice is high in protein, the amino acid lysine and dietary fiber, and low in fat. Nutritional analysis shows wild rice to be second only to oats (quinoa was third) in protein content per 100 calories.[10] Like true rice, it does not contain gluten. It is also a good source of certain minerals and B vitamins. One cup of cooked wild rice provides 5% or more of the daily value of thiamin, riboflavin, iron, and potassium; 10% or more of the daily value of niacin, b6, folate, magnesium, phosphorus; 15% of zinc; and over 20% of manganese.[11]

Wild rice seeds can be infected by the highly toxic fungus ergot, which is dangerous if eaten. Infected grains have pink or purplish blotches or growths of the fungus, from the size of a seed to several times larger.[12]

Stems[edit]

Wild rice stems before and after peeling.

The swollen crisp white stems of Manchurian wild rice are grown as a vegetable, popular in East and Southeast Asia. The swelling occurs because of infection with the smut fungus Ustilago esculenta.[2]:165 The fungus prevents the plant from flowering, so the crop is propagated asexually, the infection being passed from mother plant to daughter plant. Harvest must be made between about 120 days and 170 days after planting, after the stem begins to swell but before the infection reaches its reproductive stage, when the stem will begin to turn black and eventually disintegrate into fungal spores.

The vegetable is especially common in China, where it is known as gaosun or jiaobai (茭白). Other names which may be used in English include coba and water bamboo. Importation of the vegetable to the United States is prohibited in order to protect North American species from the fungus.

Ornamental use[edit]

Wild rice is also grown as an ornamental plant in garden ponds.

Diseases[edit]

Main article: List of wild rice diseases

To say that wild rice only comes from Minnesota is a false statement. Wild rice is native to the United States and grows in fresh water and in brackish swamps from New England to Texas to North Dakota. But, its greatest abundance has always been in the State of Minnesota! In brief, it grows in nearly every state east of the Rocky Mountains and has some 60 local names, with many of them associated with Indian names of the area in which it grows. For example:

Conneticut - "Blackbird Oats"

Louisiana and Wisconsin - "Fool Oats"

Delaware and Pennsylvania - "Indian Oats"

Texas - "Indian Rice"

North Carolina - "Wild Oats"

Although wild rice is one of America's native foods (along with cranberries, pumpkins etc.) , it isn't grown just in the US. Wild Rice is native across the North American continent from Canada to Mexico. And, today it's now planted and grown worldwide, especially in China and Japan, where it also bears 11 Chinese and Japanese names.

Wild Rice reaches its greatest size, however, in the southern United States, where it may grow as high as twelve feet, with a stalk over 2 inches in diameter. Where it may grow no higher and 3 or 4 feet in the Northern Regions. It loves deep, rich soil.

Wild rice is cooked and used just like brown or white rice and is often combined with them.

Wild Rice Recipe Rice Recpes Indian In Urdu Vegetarian Veg For Dinner For Kids Easay in Urdu Pakisani In Hindi Photos.

Wild Rice Recipe Rice Recpes Indian In Urdu Vegetarian Veg For Dinner For Kids Easay in Urdu Pakisani In Hindi Photos.

Curry Rice Recipe Rice Recpes Indian In Urdu Vegetarian Veg For Dinner For Kids Easay in Urdu Pakisani In Hindi Photos.

Curry Rice Recipe Biography.

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Curry (/ˈkʌri/, plural curries) is a dish whose origins are Southern and Southeastern Asian cuisines, as well as New World cuisines influenced by them such as Trinidadian, Mauritian or Fijian. The common feature is the incorporation of complex combinations of spices or herbs, usually including fresh or dried hot chillies. Some limit the use of the term curry to dishes prepared in a sauce,[1][2] but curries may be "wet" or "dry".

In original traditional cuisines, the precise selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and, to some extent, family preference. Such dishes are called by specific names that refer to their ingredients, spicing, and cooking methods.[3]

Traditionally, spices are used both whole and ground; cooked or raw; and they may be added at different times during the cooking process to produce different results.

Curry powder, a commercially prepared mixture of spices, is largely a Western notion, dating to the 18th century. Such mixtures are commonly thought to have first been prepared by Indian merchants for sale to members of the British Colonial government and army returning to Britain.

Dishes called "curry" may contain meat, poultry, fish, or shellfish, either alone or in combination with vegetables. Many are instead entirely vegetarian, especially among those who hold ethical or religious proscriptions against eating meat or seafood.

Curries may be either "wet" or "dry." Wet curries contain significant amounts of sauce or gravy based on yoghurt, coconut milk, legume purée (dal), or stock. Dry curries are cooked with very little liquid which is allowed to evaporate, leaving the other ingredients coated with the spice mixture.

The main spices found in most South Asian curry powders are turmeric, coriander, and cumin; a wide range of additional spices may be included depending on the geographic region and the foods being included (white/red meat, fish, lentils, rice and vegetables).

Etymology[edit]

Look up curry in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Curry was adopted and anglicised from the Tamil word kari (கறி) meaning 'sauce',[5] which is usually understood to mean vegetables and/or meat cooked with spices with or without a gravy.[6] According to this theory, kari was first encountered in the mid-17th century by members of the British East India Company trading with Tamil (Indian) merchants along the Coromandel Coast of southeast India,[7] particularly at Fort St. George (later called Madras and renamed Chennai in 1996). Here, they became familiar with "a spice blend used for making kari dishes ... called kari podi or curry powder.".[7] A further explanation put forward in The Flavours of History claims the origins of the word curry to be from old English first recorded in 'The Forme of Cury' (1390).[8]

Origins and dissemination[edit]

Dishes of highly spiced meat are thought to have originated in pre-historic times among the inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization.[9] Archaeological evidence dating to 2600 BCE from Mohenjo-daro suggests the use of mortar and pestle to pound spices including mustard, fennel, cumin, and tamarind pods with which they flavoured food.[10] Such dishes are also recorded during the Vedic Period of Indian history, roughly 1700 to 500 BCE.[citation needed]

Spiced dishes in the Indian style were apparently carried eastward to Burma, Thailand, and China by Buddhist monks in the 7th century CE,[citation needed] and carried southwards to Indonesia, The Philippines, and elsewhere by coastal traders at about the same time.[citation needed] The establishment of the Mughal Empire, beginning in the early 16th century, transformed much of older Indian cuisine, especially in the north. Another influence was the establishment of the Portuguese trading centre in Goa in 1510, resulting in the first introduction of the Chili pepper to India, as a byproduct of the Columbian Exchange.

From the mid-19th century, curry has been increasingly popular in Great Britain. During the 19th century, curry was also carried to the Caribbean by Indian indentured workers in the British sugar industry. Since the mid-20th century, curries of many national styles have become popular far from their origins, and increasingly become part of international fusion cuisine.

Curries from South Asia[edit]

From the culinary point of view, it is useful to consider the South Asia to be the entire historical region encompassed prior to independence in August 1947; that is, the modern countries of India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. It is usual to distinguish broadly between "northern" and "southern" styles of Indian cuisine, recognising that within those categories are innumerable sub-styles and variations.[11] The distinction is commonly made with reference to the staple starch: wheat in the form of unleavened breads in the north; rice in the east; rice and millet in the south.[11]

Curries of India[edit]

Rice Recipes For Dinner Rice Recpes Indian In Urdu Vegetarian Veg For Dinner For Kids Easay in Urdu Pakisani In Hindi Photos.

Rice Recipes For Dinner Biography.

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Biryani (pronounced [bɪr-yaːniː]) is a mixed rice dish from South Asia. It is made with spices, rice and meat or vegetables.

Contents [hide]

1 Origin

1.1 Difference between Biryani and Pulao

2 Ingredients

3 Varieties

4 List of varieties by ingredient

5 List of varieties by region or culture

6 International styles and variations

7 See also

8 References

Origin[edit]

The origin of Biryani is uncertain. In North India, it is traditionally associated with the Mughlai cuisine of Delhi and the Awadhi cuisine of Lucknow; in South India, it is traditionally associated with the Hyderabadi cuisine.[1]

The word "biryani" is derived from Persian language. One theory is that it originates from "birinj", the Persian word for rice.[1] Another theory is that it derives from "biryan" or "beriyan" (to fry or roast).[2][3]

There is a theory about the Mughals having brought biryani to India, but another theory claims that the dish was known in the South Asia before Babur came to India.[4] The 16th century Mughal text Ain-i-Akbari makes no distinction between biryanis and pulao. It states that the word "biryani" is of older usage in India.[5] A similar theory - that biryani came to India with Timur's invasion - also appears to be incorrect, because there is no record of biryani having existed in his native land during that period.[4]

According to Pratibha Karan, the biryani is of South Indian Muslim origin, derived from pulao varieties brought to India by the Muslim traders and rulers. She speculates that the pulao was an army dish in medieval India: the armies, unable to cook elaborate meals, would prepare a one-pot dish where they cooked rice with whichever meat was available. Over time, the dish became biryani due to different methods of cooking, with the distinction between "pulao" and "biryani" being arbitrary.[1][4] Lizzie Collingham states that the modern biryani was created in the Mughal kitchen, as a confluence of the Persian pilao and the spicy rice dishes of India.[6] According to Vishwanath Shenoy, the owner of a biryani restaurant chain in India, one branch of biryani comes from the Mughals, while another was brought by the Arab traders to Calicut in South India.[7]

Difference between Biryani and Pulao[edit]

Pulao is another mixed rice dish popular in Indian cuisine. Although some of its varieties are associated with Persian influence in north India, it is also mentioned in ancient Indian texts such as Yagnavalkya Smriti.[8][9] Opinions differ on the differences between pulao and biryani, and whether there is a difference between the two at all.[10]

According to the British-era author Abdul Halim Sharar, the biryani has a stronger taste of curried rice due to a higher amount of spices.[10][11] Pratibha Karan states that while the terms are often applied arbitrarily, the main distinction is that a biryani comprises two layers of rice with a layer of meat (or vegetables) in the middle; the pulao is not layered.[4] According to Holly Shaffer, based on her observations in Lucknow, in pulao, the rice and meat are cooked separately and then mixed before the dum cooking; in biryani, the soaked rice is fried and then cooked with the meat and stronger spices.[10][12]

Ingredients[edit]

Biryani (left) served with other Indian dishes.

Historically, the most common varieties of rice used for preparation of biryani were the long-grain brown rice (in North India) and Zeera Samba rice (in South India). Today, the basmati rice is the most common variety. In Bangladesh, puffed rice is also used.[13]

The spices and condiments used in biryani may include, but are not limited to, ghee (clarified butter), nutmeg, mace,[14] pepper, cloves,[14] cardamom, cinnamon, bay leaves, coriander, mint leaves, ginger, onions, and garlic. The premium varieties include saffron.[14] For a non-vegetarian biryani, the main ingredient that accompanies the spices is the meat, chicken and mutton are the most commonly used meat for cooking a biryani, special versions may include pork, beef, fish, or prawn. The dish may be served with dahi chutney or Raita, korma, curry, a sour dish of aubergine (brinjal), boiled egg, and salad.

Varieties[edit]

There are two basic types of biryani: pakki ("cooked", also pukka) and kacchi ("raw", also kutchi). In pakki biryani, the cooked meat and cooked rice are layered. In the kacchi biryani, raw marinated meat is layered with raw rice before being cooked together.[13] It is also known as kacchi yeqni. It is cooked typically with goat meat (usually 'khasi gosht', which is meat from castrated goats and often simply referred to as mutton) or with lamb, and rarely with chicken or beef. The dish is cooked layered with the meat and the yogurt based marinade at the bottom of the cooking pot and the layer of rice (usually basmati rice) placed over it. Potatoes are often added before adding the rice layer. The pot is usually sealed (typically with wheat dough) to allow cooking in its own steam and not opened till ready to serve. A boiled egg and mixed salad often accompanies the dish. It is featured in wedding feasts in Bangladesh, usually served with borhani, a spicy drink.

The non-vegetarian biryani may include chicken, mutton and sea food among types of meat. Although originally cooked with meat, biryani is now also cooked with vegetables, especially in India, where a substantial number of people practice vegetarianism. The vegetable biryani is prepared with rice, masala and non-meat ingredients such as potatoes and cauliflowers.[15][16] Egg baryani is another type of biryani.

List of varieties by ingredient[edit]

Shrimp biryani

Soya biryani from India.

Tehari

Tahari, tehri or tehari is the name given to the vegetarian version of biryani. It was developed for the Hindu bookkeepers of the Muslim Nawabs.[13] It is prepared by adding the potatoes to the rice as opposed to the case of traditional biryani, where the rice is added to the meat. In Kashmir, Tehari is sold as street food.

Mutton biryani

Mutton biryani may include goat meat.

Chicken biryani

Chicken biryani is biryani usually with fried chicken or baked chicken.

Pork biryani

Pork biryani uses various parts of pork as the meat in the biryani.

Egg biryani

Same preparation as chicken biryani but with a boiled egg instead of chicken. Sometimes the rice is taken from chicken biryani, and may have chicken flavour in it.

Shrimp biryani

This variety uses shrimp. It is quicker to prepare, as it does not require long hours of complex marinating procedures.

Fish biryani

Fish biryani uses different varieties of fish. It is also known as fish khichdi in Britain.

Daal biryani

Daal biryani offers the addition of daal to the ingredients of biryani. This enhances the nutritional value and fragrance.

Soya biryani

Soya biryani is a popular version of the dish, it is specially popular among the people following a vegetarian diet. In addition to the usual ingredients, this version also includes Soya chunks, which act as a great source of protein.

List of varieties by region or culture[edit]

Thalassery biryani.

Hyderabadi vegetable biryani served in Tampa, U.S.

Bangladeshi home-made biryani

Sri Lankan Chicken Biryani

Chicken Dum Biryani

Sindhi biryani from Sindh

Hyderabadi biryani

Short-grained khyma rice and long-grained basmati rice. Khyma is used to make Thalassery biryani and basmati for Hyderabadi biryani.

The Hyderabadi biryani developed under the rule of Asaf Jah I, who had been appointed as the Governor of Deccan by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.[13] It is made with basmati rice, spices and goat. Popular variations use chicken instead of goat.

Thalassery biryani

Thalassery biryani is also known as Kartik or Abu biryani or Kozhikode biriyani. The ingredients are chicken, spices and the specialty is the choice of rice named Khyma. Khaima rice is generally mixed with ghee. Although huge amount of spices such as mace, cashew nuts, sultana raisins, fennel-cumin seeds, tomato, onion, ginger, garlic, shallot, cloves and cinnamon are used,[17] there is only a small amount of chili (or chili powder) used in the preparation. It is made all along the Malabar area in Kerala from Kozhikode, Malappuram, Thalassery to Kasargod.

A pakki biryani, the Thalassery biryani uses a small-grained thin (not round) fragrant variety of rice known as Khyma or Jeerakasala. The dum method of preparation (sealing the lid with dough(maida) or loin cloth and placing red hot charcoal above the lid) is applied here.

Lucknowi biryani

The Lucknow or Awadhi dum biryani is a pakki biryani. The rice and meat are generally partially cooked separately; then layered and cooked by the dum pukht method.

Bombay biryani

Bombay biryani originated in Mumbai, India. The ingredients are meat, rice, salt, onions, ginger and garlic paste, yogurt, all spices powder, chili powder, white cumin powder, coriander, potatoes, green chillies, yellow food colour, and kewra.

Calcutta biryani

Calcutta or Kolkata biryani evolved from the Lucknow style, when Awadh's last Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was exiled in 1856 to the Kolkata suburb of Metiabruz.[7] Shah brought his personal chef with him. The poorer households of Kolkata, which could not afford meat, used potatoes instead, which went on to become a specialty of the Calcutta biryani.[13] Now meat is also served along with it. The Calcutta biryani is much lighter on spices. It primarily uses nutmeg, cinnamon, mace along with cloves and cardamom in the yoghurt based marinade for the meat which is cooked separately from rice. This combination of spices gives it a distinct flavour as compared to other styles of biryani. The rice is flavoured with ketaki water or rose water along with saffron to give it flavour and light yellowish colour.

Vaniyambadi biryani

Vaniyambadi biryani is a type of biriyani cooked in the town of Vaniyambadi in the Vellore district in the north-eastern part of Tamil Nadu, which has a high Muslim population. It was introduced by the Nawabs of Arcot who once ruled the place.

The Vaniyambadi biriyani is accompanied with 'dhalcha', a sour brinjal curry and 'pachadi' or raitha, which is sliced onions mixed with plain curd, tomato, chillies and salt. It has a distinctive aroma and is considered light on stomach and the usage of spice is moderate and curd is used as a gravy base. It also has a higher ratio of meat to rice.[18]

Bhatkali biryani

Bhatkali biryani originates from the Nawayath Muslim community of Bhatkal town, in coastal Karnataka. It evolved from the Bombay biryani, but has a distinct color taste and flavour.[citation needed] Onions are used in larger proportions compared to other varieties. The meat (several types are used) is cooked with an onion-based sauce at the bottom of the cooking pot, with a layer of rice on top. The rice and meat are mixed before serving. Local spices such as cardamom, cloves and cinnamon are used to get the distinct aroma. It is served with Bhatakali kachumber or burhani (sweet curd raita). Bhatkali biryani is one of the most common wedding meals in Bhatkal and surrounding towns like Honavar, Murdeshwar, Manki, Shiroor, Byndoor, Gangolli, Kundapur all the way till Mangalore.

Memoni biryani

Memoni biryani is an extremely spicy variety developed by the Memons of Gujarat-Sindh region.[7] It is made with lamb, yogurt, fried onions, and potatoes, and less tomatoes compared to Sindhi biryani. Memoni biryani also uses less food colouring compared to other biryanis, allowing the rich colours of the various meats, rice, and vegetables to blend without too much of the orange colouring.

Dindigul biryani

The Dindigul town of Tamil Nadu is noted for its unique taste and rich flavour. The Dindigul biryani uses little curd and lemon juice to get a tangy taste; it doesn't use coconut or tomato found in some other varieties of South India.[19]

Beary biryani

This variety originates from the Beary Muslim community of Dakshina Kannada, and features in their major celebrations. The Beary biryani is light, less spicy and is easy to digest. Mutton is the most common meat used, although beef, chicken, fish and prawns are also sometimes used. The basmati rice is cooked separately and flavoured with ghee and spices like star anise, cinnamon, cardamon and cloves. The meat is cooked separately with onions, garlic, ginger, fresh coriander leaves. When the gravy thickens, the rice and the meat are layered, topped with caramelised onions, fresh mint leaves, roasted cashew nuts and sprinkled with ghee and saffron water. The biryani is then steamed. This cooking process ensures that the rice in the biryani is fluffy and light without requiring too much ghee or oils while the meaty juices are incorporated into the rice. Beary biryani is served with chicken kebabs and raita. It tastes best when left to sit for a few hours or overnight.

Palakkad Rawther biryani

The Palakkad Rawther biryani is a spicy dum biriyani prepared mainly by the Rawther Muslim community in the Palakkad district of Kerala State and some parts of Tamil Nadu. The variants include: lamb and mutton; chicken; beef and egg. This is accompanied by Kaichar, a type of gravy, thair chuttney (curd salad) and a dessert prepared from winter melon. There are lot men and women specialized in commercial cooking this Biriyani, especially in the Narikkuthi area of Palakkad. Nowadays, many small shops exclusively selling Biriyaniis (12–9 pm) have flourished in the town and its outskirts.

Sindhi biryani

Sindhi biryani, prepared by the Sindhi people, is very popular in Pakistan. It is served in nearly all the flights of Pakistan International Airlines.[citation needed]

Karachi beef biryani

Most biryani cuisines in Pakistan combine elements of Karachi biryani such as the common use of yogurt recipes.

Bohri biryani

The Bohri biryani, prepared by the Bohris is flavoured with a lot of tomatoes.[7] It is very popular in Karachi.

Kalyani biryani

Kalyani biryani is a typical biryani from Hyderabad.[20] Also known as the 'poor man's Hyderabadi biryani, the Kalyani biryani is always made from small cubes of buffalo meat. It doesn't have the same level of expensive ingredients and richness as the more famous Hyderabadi biryani, but at the same time, is quite tasty.

The meat is flavoured with ginger, garlic, turmeric, red chili, cumin, coriander powder, lots of onion and tomato. It is first cooked as a thick curry and then cooked along with rice. Then given dum (the Indian method of steaming in a covered pot).

The Kalyani biryani is supposed to have originated in the Bidar during the reign of the Kalyani Nawabs, who migrated to Hyderabad after one of the nawabs, Ghazanfur Jang married into the Asaf Jahi family. The Kalyani biryani was served by the Kalyani nawabs to all of their subjects who came from Bidar to Hyderabad and stayed or visited their devdi or noble mansion.

This was the practice for many decades. But after Operation polo in which the Indian army took over Hyderabad State, the state of the nobles went into decline. Some of their illustrious cooks set up their own stalls and introduced the Kalyani biryani.[21] to the local populace of Hyderabad......?

Rice Recipes For Dinner Rice Recpes Indian In Urdu Vegetarian Veg For Dinner For Kids Easay in Urdu Pakisani In Hindi Photos.

Rice Recipes For Dinner Rice Recpes Indian In Urdu Vegetarian Veg For Dinner For Kids Easay in Urdu Pakisani In Hindi Photos.

Chicken Fried Rice Recipe Rice Recpes Indian In Urdu Vegetarian Veg For Dinner For Kids Easay in Urdu Pakisani In Hindi Photos.

Chicken Fried Rice Recipe Biography.

Source link(Google.com.pk)

Fried rice is a dish of steamed rice stir-fried in a wok, often mixed with other ingredients, such as eggs, vegetables, and meat. It is sometimes served as the penultimate dish in Chinese banquets, just before dessert. As a homemade dish, fried rice is typically made with leftover ingredients (including vegetables, meat) from other dishes, leading to countless variations.[1][2]

File:Fried Rice In China.webm

Preparation of Chinese fried rice

Many popular varieties of fried rice have their own specific list of ingredients. In Asia, the more famous varieties include Yangzhou and Fujian fried rice. Elsewhere, most restaurants catering to vegetarian or Muslim clientele have invented their own varieties of fried rice including egg fried rice and the Indonesian spicy nasi goreng (fried rice).

Fried rice is a common staple in American Chinese cuisine, especially in the form sold as fast food. The most common form of American Chinese fried rice consists of some mixture of eggs, scallions, and vegetables, with chopped meat added at the customer's discretion, and usually flavored with soy sauce instead of table salt (more typical for Chinese-style fried rice). Fried rice made in American Chinese restaurants can vary in appearance, from a dark brown appearance often seen in East Coast establishments, to a light brown appearance often seen in Midwestern American Chinese restaurants.[3] Fried rice is also seen in other American restaurants, even in cuisines with no native tradition of the dish. The dish is also a staple of Chinese restaurants in the United Kingdom (both "sit-in" and "takeaway"), and is very popular in the West African nations of Nigeria, Ghana and Togo, both as restaurant and as street food.

Contents [hide]

1 Preparation

2 Common varieties

3 See also

4 References

Preparation[edit]

Taiwanese fried rice

Fried rice with black soy sauce in a takeaway common when cooked at home.

Fried rice served at a Chinese restaurant. Black soy sauce was not used, resulting in a lighter colour.

Leftover rice is generally used because the moisture in freshly cooked rice will cause it to steam instead of fry.[4] The oil may be seasoned with aromatics such as garlic before the rice and other ingredients are stir-fried together in a wok. Other ingredients vary: they can include eggs, meat (chicken, beef, or cured pork), seafood (shrimp or lobster), vegetables (carrots, broccoli, bean sprouts, celery, peas, corn), mushrooms, spices and peppers, and soy sauce or sometimes oyster sauce. The base of vegetable fried rice does not contain any meat or seafood; others are named for the primary addition (e.g., "chicken fried rice" or "shrimp fried rice"). Other "house" versions may contain several meats and seafoods. It is often stir-fried in a wok with vegetable oil or pork fat to prevent sticking, as well as for flavor. Onions, scallion and garlic are often added for extra flavor. It is popularly eaten either as an accompaniment to another dish, or as a course by itself.

Popular garnishes include fried shallots, sprigs of parsley or coriander leaves, carrots carved into intricate shapes or sliced chili sprinkled on top of the heaped rice.

Many food stands found on the streets across Southeast Asia serve fried rice with a selection of garnishes and side dishes that the customer can choose to add.

Common varieties[edit]

Hokkien (or Fujian) fried rice: This variation of Chinese fried rice is from the Fujian region of China; it has a thick sauce poured and mixed over it. The sauce can include mushrooms, meat, vegetables, etc.

Bai cha: A Khmer variation of fried rice, it includes diced Chinese sausage, garlic, soy sauce, and herbs usually eaten with pork.

Canton (or Mui Fan): A Cantonese dish of fried rice, typically served with a thick gravy poured on it.

Cha-Han (チャーハン) or Yakimeshi (焼き飯): This Chinese fried rice is suited to Japanese tastes, sometimes adding katsuobushi' for flavor.　

Yeung chow (or Yangzhou) fried rice: This dish consisting of generous portions of shrimp and scrambled egg, along with barbecued pork. This is the most popular fried rice served in Chinese restaurants, commonly referred to simply as "special fried rice" or "house fried rice".

Yuan yang fried rice: Topped with two different types of sauce, it typically has a savory white sauce on one half, and a red tomato-based sauce on the other half. Elaborated versions use the sauce to make a taichi ("yin-yang") symbol.

Burmese fried rice (ထမင်း‌ကြော်, htamin gyaw) normally uses Burmese fragrant rice which is short grain (rounder and shorter). A popular variety is a very plain version consisting of rice, boiled peas, onions, garlic and dark soy sauce. An accompanying condiment would be ngapi kyaw (fried fish paste with shredded flakes) and fresh cucumber strips mixed with chopped onions, green chili and vinegar.

Thai fried rice (ข้าวผัด, khao pad or khao phad): The flavor of this version is radically different from that of common fried rice, mostly due to the use of jasmine rice, and it has various additions not found in Chinese versions. It is usually served with sliced cucumber and prik nam pla, a spicy sauce made of Thai chili, fish sauce and chopped garlic.

Thai fried rice is a variety of fried rice typical of central Thai cuisine. It normally contains meat (chicken, shrimp, and crab are all common), egg, onions, garlic and sometimes tomatoes. This dish has many regional variants, as it is a widespread dish. Others variations Thai fried rice include Coconut Fried Rice, Pineapple Fried Rice , and Basil Fried Rice.

American fried rice (ข้าวผัดอเมริกัน, Khao pad Amerigan): This style of fried rice is actually a Thai invention using hot dogs, fried chicken, eggs as side dishes or mixed into rice fried with ketchup. Apparently, this was served to GIs during the Vietnam war,[citation needed], but now has become very popular and commonplace all throughout Thailand. The Malaysian counterpart, substituting pork with chicken, is called nasi goreng USA.

Nasi goreng: An Indonesian and Malay version of fried rice, the main difference compared to fried rice is it is cooked with sweet soy sauce (kecap manis). It is often accompanied by additional items such as a fried egg, fried chicken, satay, and condiments such as sambal, acar, and krupuk. It is served in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and most of the neighboring countries, and is popular in the Netherlands.

Chaufa: A popular name for Chinese fried rice in Peru. The most common varieties are made using the same ingredients used in China. Some exotic versions are made with dried meat, beef tongue, alligator, lizard in place of traditional meats. In some regions the rice is replaced with quinoa or pearled wheat while in other rice is mixed with noodles.

Chaulafan is the name for Chinese fried rice in Ecuador. In Ecuador and Peru, dark soy sauce is preferred for use with fried rice. Meats typically used are usually pork, beef, chicken or fish (e.g. shrimp).

Kimchi bokkeumbap or kimchi fried rice (김치볶음밥): A popular variety of fried rice, it is prepared with Korean pickled cabbage (kimchi) and a variable list of other ingredients. A wide range of fried rice dishes are frequently prepared in Korean cuisine, often with whichever ingredients are handy.

Sinangág: Filipino garlic fried rice, which is cooked by adding stir-fried garlic to rice and then seasoning the mixture with salt and pepper. Vegetables, meats, and other ingredients may be added but it is generally left bare, because other ingredients may interfere with the flavour of the meat dish eaten with the fried rice. Sinangág is a constant component of the breakfast staple tapsilog and its derivatives.

Curry fried rice: standard fried rice mixed with curry powder for a spicier flavor.

Sambal fried rice: Found in Singapore, this is a variation of fried rice made with sambal, a condiment based on chilis and belachan, derived from Indonesian and Malay influences.

Hawaiian fried rice: A common style of fried rice in Hawaii, it usually contains egg, green onions, peas, cubed carrots, and either Portuguese sausage or Spam or both, sometimes available with kimchi added. Normally, it is cooked in sesame oil.

Arroz Frito (Cuban fried rice): Very similar to "special fried rice", this version can be found alongside typical criollo dishes in many Cuban restaurants. This dish features ham, grilled pork, shrimp, chicken, and eggs, along with a variety of vegetables. Some restaurants add lechón (Cuban-style suckling pig), lobster tails, and/or crab. Chinese Cubans are responsible for the dish's introduction.

Omelet rice: also known as omurice in Japanese or nasi pattaya in Malay, it is fried rice wrapped inside an egg omelet. The fried rice is generally mixed with a variety of vegetables and meat. Tomato sauce is added......?

Chicken Fried Rice Recipe Rice Recpes Indian In Urdu Vegetarian Veg For Dinner For Kids Easay in Urdu Pakisani In Hindi Photos.